Shelter, Operations Electronic
(S280, TYQ-23, S80, S80A, TSQ-91, TSQ-92 etc)

 GRM-94 Maintenance Van

S250 Mobile tactical shelter
Dimensions: Exterior 7'-3"L × 6'-7"W × 5'-10"H, Interior 6'-8"L x 6'-3"W x 5'-4"H
Weight: 770 lbs.
Payload: 2530 lbs.
Construction: Foam & Beam
Prime Mover: HMMWV, M1028 CUCV
Notes: Designed for housing communications and electronics equipment; Includes Cable Lift & Tie Down Assembly

S280 Mobile tactical shelter
Dimensions: Interior 11'-6"L × 6'-10"W × 6'-5"H, Exterior 12'-3"L × 7'-3"W × 7'-3"H
Height: 86.375 inches
Width: 87 inches
Length: 147 inches
Gross Weight:
Unshielded: 1,400 pounds
Shielded: 1,400 pounds
Payload: 5,000 pounds
Weight: 1400 lbs.
Payload: 7100 lbs.
Construction: Foam & Beam
Prime Mover: 5 Ton Truck
Notes: Designed for housing communications & electronics equipment; Includes Cable Lift & Tie Down Assembly
Photos

S530 Expandable Shelter (Two Shelters Expands to Volume of Three Shelters - 3:2)
Dimensions: Interior (Non-Expanded) 11'-5"L × 6'-7"W × 6'-9"H, Interior (Expanded) 11'-5"L × 20'-4"W × 6'-9"H, Exterior 12'-2"L × 7'-3"W × 7'-6'’H
Weight: 4500 lbs.
Payload: 2000 lbs.
Gross Weight: 6500 lbs.
Construction: Nomex Honeycomb Core
Erection: Six Personnel - 45 Minutes
Notes: Configured shelters are intended for use as electrical maintenance shops. Designed for transport by mobilizer, fixed wing aircraft, rail or ship. Can be operated as a single self-contained unit or two shelters can be mated to give approximately three times the work area of a single. To expand, side panel forms roof or floor and the extra end panel of each shelter forms wall surfaces.
Photos

S80 Shelter, Operations
Notes:The shelter is a canvas covered frame building used as a Radar Operations shelter in the TACC, CRC, and CRP facilities. Floorino
consists of 32 floor panels held together by metal tie plates. Nine semi-circular wooden arches, braced by horizontal purlins, make un the
main framework. Double doors at either end of the shelter provide access to the inside, and both entrances are protected by canvas vestibules.
The shelter is equipped with openings for two exhaust fans and two shelter heaters.
Height: 20'; Vestibule 6'6"
Length: 32' plus Vestibule 3' ea.
Width: 28'
Usable floor space: Aprox. 800 sq. ft.
Weight: 8663 pounds
Notes: The fabric is made of a waterproof, fire resistant canvas and plastic combination. There is fiberglass insulation, 1 1/2 inches
thick, sandwiched between the two layers of fabric. The fabric is issued as two end blanket assemblies and eight roof blankets.
Photos

S80A Shelter, Operations
Notes: Aluminum frame and panel construction
Photos

Simulator Van
Photo

SRP - Sensor Reporting Post
The Sensor Reporting Post (SRP) is an air/road transportable facility which operates in conjunction with the 407L Tactical Air Control System and may be set up in any worldwide environment. The SRP transmits and receives data from an Airborne Relay Platform (ARP). The data is stored, processed, and displayed for analysis by operators and then relayed to the TACS. The SRP facility is normally deployed in one standard configuration to include two radio relay facilities commonly called "orbits". The site equipment receives data from the ARP and relays this information to the AN/TSQ-91(V) assessment facility. The standard deployment configuration is depicted below:

Major Components:
Communications Module (OA 8451/TSQ-93(V)). Same as DASC.
Air Conditioning Module (AN/TSA-35). Same as DASC.
Console Module (OA 8446/TSQ-91(V)). Same as CRC/CRP.
Group Display Module (AN/TSA-34). Same as CRC/CRP.
Ancillary Equipment Module (OA 8447/TSQ-91(V)). Same as CRC/CRP.

Data Processing Module (OA 8450/TSQ-91(V)). Essentially the same as the CRC/CRP Data Processing Module, but includes expanded memory capacity and a line printer synchronizer which provides the interface between the HM 4118 computer and the line printer (GFE).
Air Conditioning Module (AN/TSA-35). Same as CRC/CRP.

Communications Relay Module (AN/TRC-164). The Comm Relay Module functions as the interface between the Radio Module and the Assessment Facility. This module processes all incoming data (down-link) into a format which can be used by the data processor and formats all commands from the operations central console (up-link) into a format which can be used by the ARP. A third function of the module is a self-test capability which allows for off-line checkout of the Comm Relay Module.

Radio Module (AN/TRC-165). The Radio Module recovers data from a down-link RF carrier signal, generates a modulated up-link signal, provides servo drive outputs to the antenna as a function of specific inputs, and provides support functions for checkout and tests.
Manufacturer: Hughes Aircraft Company (407L Modules).
COST: $38.000,000.00
WEIGHT:
Group Display Module 6500 lbs
Console Module 6185
Data Processing Module 5430
Ancillary Equipment Module 5222
Air Conditioning Module 5775 (contains 4 A/C's)
Comm Module 5090
Air Conditioning Module 4620 (contains 1 A/C)
Comm Relay (Orbit) 4718
Radio Module (Orbit) 4941

TSQ-165 Modular TACC

TSQ-61 Shelter, Operations Center
The AN/TSQ-61 is an operations central which provides radar surveillance data by means of two AN/UPA-48 PPI (Plan Position Indicator) scopes and aircraft control (air/ground voice) communications through the AN/TSC-53 van for the Forward Air Control Post (FACP). The operations
central also coordinates the FACP operation by communicating with other elements of the Tactical Air Control System. SIF (Selective Identification Features) decoding is provided by KY-364 control boxes which are compatible with AN/TPX-48/TPS-44 and AN/TPX-47/TPS-43. Operations control consists of a group of components housed in a lightweight mobile shelter designed for transport by cargo truck, helicopter, cargo aircraft, transporter or rail. Air conditioning and heating is provided for creature comfort and equipment stability.
Capability: The AN/TSQ-61 contains two GRA-39 remote control heads which are interconnected with the
GRC-106/TSC-53 for UHF frequency agility. Similarly, the AN/TSQ-61 contains remote receiver control of the AN/TPS-44 for improving video reception on its two AN/UPA-48 PPIs. Patch panels for compatibility with the AN/TSC-53 and AN/TRC-97, as well as a manual plotting board, is also present in the AN/TSQ-61.
Weight: 4500 pounds
Manufacturer: National Co. Inc.
Photos

TSQ-91V - 407L Tactical Operations Center
The CRC/P Operations Center, when integrated with the AN/TPS-43 radar, functions as the major weapons control agency of the TACS by performing all functions of surveillance and weapons control in its assigned area of tactical responsibility. Modular in design, the CRC/P is capable of adjusting to the needs of a given deployment by additions/deletions to the basic set of the following modules: Group Display, Console, Data Processing, Ancillary Equipment, and Air Conditioning. The console and group display modules are joined together by means of an inflatable shelter to form a single operations room which houses operations personnel, manual display boards, consoles and communications equipment.
To this basic complex is added an ancillary equipment, data processing, and air conditioning module to form a minimum configured operation center. Additional console, group display and air conditioning modules are added to conform to the three basic deployment configurations; minimum, intermediate,
and maximum. The equipment for the CRP is identical to the CRC, only the manning would vary. The following depicts numbers of modules required in each configuration:

In each basic ops center, four consoles and technician stations are arranged on two raised daises, and a four-man table is positioned in front of the console rows. The two remaining consoles are located in the ancillary equipment module. Communications end instruments (TA- 720/741, or C-subset) are located at each console, tech table, plotter position, and computer operator station. Two modes of operation are possible; computer-assisted, in which the HM-4118 computer processes surveillance, computes weapons data and generates console displays; and manual, in which only raw radar data and SIF is displayed. In the computer-assisted mode, automatic SIF tracking and telling of tracks of interest via automatic data link (ADL) are available.
Capability:
1. The PPI or console display is a 16" CRT with a 4 1/4" square viewing surface auxiliary readout display. The console is 43" high, 33" wide and 36" deep and weighs approximately 290 lbs. The PPI can operate in both the manual and computer assisted mode. In the manual mode, the PPI can display:
Range marks and radar
SIF-alerts
Map videos
Radar returns

In addition, the range scale and off-set selection can be changed, active and passive SIF radar returns can be decoded; however, auto SIF tracking is not available, range and bearing cursor can be used, and radio/telephone communications remain in operation. In the computer-assisted mode, the computer sorts and distributes data, computes weapons guidance instructions, and alerts operators of critical situations. The console can be operated in seven operation modes plus Test and Manual; they are:
SSO - Search Scope Operator
ASO - Air Surveillance Operator
M&I - Movements and Identification Officer
SD - Senior Director
WAO - Weapons Assignment Officer
WD/ATC - Weapons Director/Air Traffic Controller
ADALO - Air Defense Artillery Liaison Officer

All nine modes are switch selectable at each console. Symbology and background information such as pairing indication, intercept point, offset point, geography, tactical air bases, flight corridors and FEBA can be displayed on the PPI. Several auxiliary readout displays (ARO) can be requested. Among them are:
Auxiliary data display
Track information display
Critical class display
Weapons track display
Controlled aircraft display
Alert displays.

2. Secondary Surveillance Radar Processor (SSRP). The SSRP basic task is to control the interrogations of the AN/TPX-47. The composite SIF video is received and processed with the following actions performed:
a. Serial to parallel extraction and single sweep defruiting for modes 1, 2, 3a, 4 and 5.
b. Inhibits code overlap (garble) info including "radio out".
c. Detects emergency replies and generates an alarm at PPI.
d. Determines proper mode of interrogation.
3. SIF Processor (STIP). The following lists the functions of the SIFP.
a. Target detection - automatic detection and measurement of A/C responding to SIF interrogations (excluding mode 4) and transfer data to computer.
b. Code validation - up to 3 modes per target.
c. SIF strobe elimination - inhibits false data transfer to computer under jamming or target saturated azimuth section conditions.

4. HM-4118 Computer. The computer is organized into functional modules; each module is frame-mounted and capable of communication with other modules. The Arithmetic Unit/Program Control Unit Processor Module, the
Memory Module and the Buffered Input/Output Module form the basic HM-4118.  The core storage capacity is 81,920 words with provision for growth up to 131,000 words. Also provisions are made for the addition of a second processor, and expansion of input/output capacity to 16 channels. Data can be input to the HM-4118 via the data entry keyboard and read in by the tape reader from perforated tape. Computer generated output data is available on punched tape, magnetic tape or transferred to the printer for hard copy. Outlined below is a general description of the operating characteristics:
a. Operation - parallel arithmetic
b. Logic - synchronous, 4 megacycle clock.
c. Word length - 18 bits.
d. Memory - one microsecond cycle time.
e. 18 bit words, 81,920 word storage capacity.
f. Input/Output - parallel 18 bit word data transfer, 8 bi-directional buffered channels, maximum single channel data transfer rate of 500,000 words per second, up to a maximum of 1,000,000 words per second when two or more channels are operative.
g. Number representation - sign and absolute magnitude.
h. Arithmetic organization - all arithmetic computations are performed in fixed point binary.
i. Double precision - provided for additions, divisions, square root, and multiplications.
j. Interrupts- 8 special interrupts in addition to one per I/O channel and real time clock interrupts.
k. Index Registers - 4 banks with 12 under registers each.

5. Computer Programs. The four basic computer programs are: Operational/
Recording (ORP), Simulation and Data Reduction (SDRP), Utility and Diagnostic Programs. The function of the CRP is to gather, process, and display data required to update the current air surveillance picture and to support the weapons assignment and control functions. In accomplishing this, the ORP also processes and records system exercise data; provides logic and timing control at computer interfaces with all consoles, radar and other peripheral devices. The SDRP prepares input tapes for the online program exercise function and reduces air situation data recorded online by the ORP. All computer programs are prepared and maintained by the Utility Program and the off-line Diagnostic Program provides the means for computer maintenance personnel to perform fault isolation.
Weight: Varies by module and configuration
Group Display: 6500 pounds
Console: 6185 pounds
Data Processing: 5430 pounds
Ancillary Equipment: 5222 pounds
Air conditioning: 5775 pounds
Manufacturer: Hughes Aircraft Co.
Notes: Manual Plotting Boards; Three-Celled inflatable building (fourth cell can be added); Message Processing Centers (MPC) normally attached to one end of the TSQ-91
Photos

TSQ-92 - Operations Central (TACC)
The TACC is the command action arm of the Tactical Air Control System.
Necessary facilities are provided to perform the Current Operations and
Current Plans functions of the Air Force Component Command Post (AFCCP).
Unlike the CRC/CRP, the TACC is essentially a manual operation; it
consists of desk positions, manually posted plotting displays and communications
equipment necessary to support personnel in the accomplishment
of the Tactical Air Control Mission.
Like the CRC/CRP the TACC is modular in design; capable of adjusting to
the needs of a given deployment by a building-block approach to the basic
set of the following modules: Group Display, Furnishings, and Air Conditioning.
The Group Display and Furnishings modules are joined together
by extending the external shelter side walls to serve as floor and attaching
the inflatable shelter. Essentially, the furnishings module is the
only unique module from the CRC/CRP in the sense that the A/C Module and
Group Display Module are interchangeable. The TACC is deployable in three
basic configuration; minimum, when Current Ops and Current Plans are housed under one shelter, medium,when Current Ops and Current
Plans divisions are collocated, but housed in separate shelters. The
following depicts the number of modules required in each configuration:

Capability: The TACC is designed with sufficient flexibility and modularity to operate in conjunction with the highest ground force field command responsible for planning and directing daily combat operations. Normally, this may be expected to range from division (and smaller size forces) up to a field army. The functions of the TACC at any of the force levels are essentially the same, however, the scope and volume of required activities vary to a considerable extent. In a situation where enemy air is a major concern or in which the military/political objectives are attainable through decisive or predominate air actions alone, the TACC functional requirements are much more extensive. Thus, the TACC deployment configuration must be compatible to plan and direct the entire spectrum of offensive and defensive air operations. This represents a necessary variable to associate the TACC position configuration to "force level" alone, i.e., minimum, medium, or maximum. The various TACC configurations can support, but are not limited to the following force levels:

* Plans and Operations share the same facility.
** Plans and Operations functions each have a dedicated facility. Medium and maximum accommodations differ only in the use of furnishings and the number of manned positions.
***Plans and Operations functions each have a dedicated facility. Medium and maximum accommodations differ only in the use of furnishings and the number of manned positions.
Major Components: Group Display Module (AN/TSA-34). The Group Display Module is connected
(electronically, mechanically, and physically) to the Furnishings Module. It contains plotting boards, power distribution bay, commpatch bay, weather teletype, guard table, supply cabinet, safe, and rifle and clothing racks.

Furnishings Module (0A-8448/TSQ-92(V)). The Furnishings Module contains, as fixed equipment in the tactical mode, the fragmentary order teletype equipment and fixed air conditioning ducting. Power is distributed to the Furnishings Module by the power distribution panel of the Group Display Module. The outer foldout panel can be converted into a helilift pallet. The Furnishings Module functions as an area for preparation of fragmentary orders in the tactical mode. There are storage racks located on the walls for books and equipment.

Air Conditioning Module (AN/TSA-35). The A/C Module contains four, 5-ton environmental control units (GFE) and appropriate ducting.
Manufacturer: Hughes Aircraft Company
COST: $1,320,000.00 (maximum configuration)
WEIGHT: Varies by module and configuration.
Group Display 6500 lbs
Furnishings 4980
Air Conditioning 5775
Notes: Consists of desk positions, manually posted plotting boards, and communications equipment. Used by manual ANG TCS units; Originally used for TACC operations;
Photos

TSQ-93 - Operations central (DASC)
The primary purpose of the DASC is to provide fast reaction to ground force requirements for immediate close air support, tactical reconnaissance and airlift needs. Working in close coordination with Army personnel, DASC personnel provide the focal point for information exchange, coordination, and allocation of sorties provided by the TACC to fulfill Army requirements. Like the TACC, the DASC is essentially a manual operation; it consists of desk positions, manually posted map displays and
communications equipment necessary to support personnel in their performance of the assigned mission.

Modular in design, the DASC is comprised of three unique modules; the Operations Module, Air Conditioning Module, and the Communications Center. The capacity of work is proportional to the deployment configurations, i.e., alternate, minimum, and medium. The following depicts the number
of modules required in each configuration:

Capability: The size of a DASC deployment is dependent primarily upon the force level supported. The highest ground force level conducting daily combat operations will be provided a DASC. Since this can vary from a single division (or smaller operation) to a field army, the size can vary considerably.
Usually the functions of the element do not change with a change in the force level supported. The various DASC configurations can support, but are not limited to the following force levels:

MAJOR COMPONENTS: Communications Module. (OA 8451/TSQ-93(V)) The module is used to
accomplish interconnection of the transmission media to the Operations Module. It handles teletype and voice communications and also includes technical control (analogous to TSC-62) equipment. The equipment provides the following functional capabilities: telephone switching, secure and nonsecure
teletype and telephone communications, and, as mentioned above, technical control capability.

Operations Module. (OA 8452/TSQ-93(V)) The Operations Module will normally be mated (electrically, mechanically, and physically)to the Communications Module. The Operations shelter will contain radio and telephone patching equipment through which the operational positions are provided secure and nonsecure telephone and ground-to-air radio service. The module will also be provided with display boards for plotting and posting tactical situations.

Air Conditioning Module. (AN/TSA-35) The A/C Module contains one 5-ton
environmental control unit (GFE) and appropriate ducting.
MANUFACTURER: Hughes Aircraft Company.
COST: $620,000.00 (medium configuration).
WEIGHT: Varies by module and configuration.
Operations 5700 pounds
CommCenter 5090 pounds
Air Conditioning 4620 pounds

TYQ-23(V)1 The Modular Control Equipment (MCE)
Version for the US Air Force’s Combat Reporting Center (CRC). It replaces command and control equipment fielded in the 1960s under Air Force 407L and 495L programs.
Description: A transportable, modular, automated command and control system, produced in two versions: the US Marine Corps Tactical Air Operations Module (TAOM), designated TYQ-23(V)2, and the USAF Modular Control Equipment (MCE), designated TYQ-23(V)1.
History:

September 1979 Litton selected to develop TAOM
September 1982 USAF joins program to develop MCE
September 1985 Engineering developmental models delivered
May 1987 Initial production contract
Late 1990 Two TAOMs deployed to Saudi Arabia
Jul 1991 Production deliveries begin
Mar  1992 Begin P3I in-plant Block B development testing; recertification of TAOC
FY 1994 Begin Block C development
FY 1995 MCE P3I OM Interface Kit development completed
Sep 1995 Last deliveries of full systems to Marine Corps and Air Force
FY 1996 Development of interoperability upgrades to MCE P³I system begun
Dec 1996 First international sale of TYQ-23(V), as CCTA variant
FY 1997 Continued development of interoperability upgrades to MCE P³I system; continued program support, test and other, miscellaneous efforts
Late 1998 Delivery of CCTA version of TYQ-23(V) to Italian Air Force

Length: 20 feet
Width: 8 feet
Height: 8 feet
Weight: 16,500 pounds (approximately)
Power requirements: 120/208 volts, 60 hertz, 23 kilowatts, 3-phase, 4 wire; 30 kW, 400 Hz, 3-phase, 5-wire system.
Features:
Display: Four self-contained multicolor operator consoles, 256-square-inch, with radar/IFF video, graphics (symbols and lines) and alphanumerics. Each console also has a monochrome auxiliary display for alphanumerics only. Display size is 96 square inches (619.30 sq cm) and is touch entry for all operator/display interfaces. Each TAOM also has a printer for hard-copy generation.
Communications: Voice and data communications are via internal radios (UHF, VHF, HF) and external communication devices (radios, land lines, TRI-TAC circuit-switching devices and TTC-30). Selectable access from any operator console for any internal or external communications circuit is provided. The TYQ-23(V) datalink capability includes TADIL-A, TADIL-B, TADIL-C (one- and two-way) and ATDL-1. AUTODIN, JTIDS message standard (IJMS) and TADIL-J capabilities are now being implemented as preplanned product improvements. The system also provides voice communication recording.
Operational Characteristics:  The system processes radar and identification friend or foe (IFF) data from interfaced associated radars and automatically exchanges processed surveillance information over digital datalinks with other command and control systems, such as the E-3 AWACS, the E-2C, the Navy Tactical Data System and the NATO Air Defense Ground Environment. In addition, Air Force and Air National Guard Modern Tracking Systems (MTS) utilizing the TYQ-23(V) are being interfaced with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) radars to further enhance coverage. Using this netted surveillance data, TYQ-23(V) weapons controllers manage and coordinate fighter aircraft and surface-to-air missiles in engaging and destroying threat targets. The system is used as well to control friendly aircraft in such tasks as navigational assistance, search and rescue, and air-to-air refueling. The TYQ-23(V) can also operate independently of its associated radars by receiving data over standard datalinks.

The TYQ-23(V) data processing language is High Order (CMS-2). The implemented distributed processing architecture includes Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), Data Management System (DMS), Performance Monitor (PERM), and Applications Program (APP) capabilities. The system can be repaired by operators using computer-assisted fault detection and isolation diagnostics. The Tactical Air Operations Module (TAOM, or (V)1 model) has demonstrated a mean time to repair (MTTR) of less than 12 minutes. On-line performance monitoring of all installed equipment is also provided.
Notes: Up to five MCE’s linked by fiber optic cables; Uses M-1022A1 mobilizer.
Manufacturer: Litton Corp, Data Systems Division.
Photos

TYQ-23(V)2 Tactical Air Operations Module (TAOM)
The Tactical Air Operations Module (TAOM) version for the US Marine Corps’ Tactical Air Operations Central (TAOC).

TYQ-23(V)3
The US Air Force produced and installed a Pre-Planned Product Improvement (P3I) upgrade kit to its -23(V)1 systems. This P3I kit provides the following additional capabilities:
SATCOM interface capability
JTIDS integration and TADIL-J capability
Replacement of the mass memory unit with a mass memory controller
VHF radio upgrades
Addition of a SINCGARS radio
Replacement of the operator console unit’s firmware with UNIX-based DII COE Ada code

TYQ-23(V)4
The US Marine Corps also undertook a TAOM upgrade program, including the following additional capabilities:
New-open-architecture, COTS-based workstations
New laser printer
Replacement of the voice control access unit hardware with a windowed software version
Addition of an electro-optic local area network
Implementation of the TADIL-J J3.6 message set (Link 16)
Replacement of the mass memory unit
Replacement of the operator console unit firmware with UNIX-based DII COE Ada code